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9. The literature on the fundamentalist-modernist controversy is immense. Three important works that trace the history of the movement are: Stewart G. Cole, The History of Fundamentalism (New York: Richard R. Smith, Inc., 1931); Norman F. Furniss, The Fundamentalist Controversy; 1918-1931 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1954); and Louis Gasper, The Fundamentalist Controversy (Paris: Mouton and Co., 1963). For a recent view on the origins of fundamentalism, the reader should consult Ernest R. Sandeen, "Towards a Historical Interpretation of the Origins of Fundamentalism," Church History, XXXVI (March 1967), pp. 66-83. Still to be done is a thorough study of the theological and cultural milieu of American Mennonitism which made it so susceptible to the fundamentalist-modernist controversy in the twentieth century.

10. Report of the Ohio Mennonite and Eastern A.M. Joint Conference," GH XXIII (July 10, 1930), pp. 331-34. As explained in Chapter 13, the Mennonite and the Amish conferences had effected a merger in 1927. The Allgyer- Witmer-Frey committee therefore represented the new joint conference.

11. Report of committee to 1931 Ohio and Eastern A.M. Joint Conference, GH, XXIV (July 16, 1931), p. 358.

12. The Witmarsum Theological Seminary at Bluffton College, Bluffton, Ohio, was founded in 1921. During its ten years of existence it served the more progressive Mennonite bodies, including congregations which were severed from the Mennonite Church during the schisms of the 1920's. The Witmarsum Theological Seminary was later replaced by the Mennonite Biblical Seminary, first of Chicago, and later of Elkhart, Ind. Since 1958 this seminary and the Goshen College Biblical Seminary have cooperated to form the Associated Mennonite Biblical Seminaries.

13. The Merger of the Ohio Mennonite and Amish Conferences

1. John Umble, "The Background and Origin of the Ohio and Eastern Mennonite Conference," MQR, XXXVIII (January 1964), pp. 50-60. Unable 's historic study provides a panoramic view of general trends in conference formations and affiliations, He cites the Mennonite polity of conference authority in contrast to the Amish tradition of congregationally based authority.

2. Ray Bair, "The Merger of the Mennonite and Amish Mennonite Conferences from 1911 to 1928," MHB, XIII (October 1952), pp. 2-4.

3. GH V (June 20, 1912), p. 188.

4. Ibid., VI (June 12, 1913), p. 174.

5. Ibid., VII (June 11, 1914), p. 175.

6. Ibid., VIII (June 24, 1915), p. 223.

7. Ibid., XVI (June 21, 1923), p. 254.

8. Ibid., XVII (July 10, 1924), p. 318.

9. Ibid., XVIII (June 11, 1925), p. 239,

10. Ibid., XIX (July 15, 1926), p. 334. For these parts of the 1926 proceedings the author is indebted to a manuscript by Walter Oswald on "Ohio and Eastern Mennonite Conference" in the official conference records.

11. Ibid., XX(June 23, 1927), p. 269.

12. Ibid., XX (June 9, 1927), p. 222.

13. Ibid., XX (June 30, 1927), p. 301.

14. From document on "Ohio and Eastern Mennonite Conference" in OEMCR. The

document is a summary of important Mennonite conferences from 1727 to 1927. 15. For a copy of the document see CE, IV (Aug. 16, 1927), pp. 251-54. 16. CE, V (Jan. 3, 1928), p. 16.

17. The resolution read as follows: "Resolved that we favor the working together of the Ohio Mennonite and Eastern A.M. Conference on the fundamental principles of our Mennonite faith and practice as set forth in the Eighteen Articles of our Confession of Faith, but we defer acceptance of the proposed Constitution and Rules and Discipline until they can be revised in such a manner as will make it possible for the various congregations under these conferences to work harmoniously and peacefully among themselves and in unity and mutual helpfulness with each other." CE, IV (Aug. 30, 1927), p. 272.

18. The Ohio and Eastern Mennonite Conference minutes contain a clarifying letter on this problem dated Oct. 5, 1928, from John S. Mast to O. N. Johns. Mast stated in the letter that he "may want some time to place the matter before our people, yet I was satisfied with the merging and join together   He went on to state that "in our district we have about 700 members located between the Franconia Conference of about 5000 members and about