292 / Footnotes

Versammlungen," ML, IV (October 1949), pp. 34-38. Hostetler 's analysis is sociological and sees the Amish conferences of the second half of the nineteenth century as a struggle with the problem of "the identification of a particular kind of culture or tradition with spiritual truths."

6. The significance of the Versammlungen to the Ohio and Eastern Mennonite Conference is implied in John Umble's, "The Background and Origin of the Ohio and Eastern Mennonite Conference, MQR, XXXVIII (January 1964), pp. 53, 54. Umble sees in these conferences a training ground for orderly discussion and problem-solving and so contributed to the effectiveness of future conferences, including the Eastern Amish Mennonite Conference. Though the Versammlungen disclaimed authority of a legislative nature, "it made decisions which ministers accepted as final and sought to have received by their congregations."

7. For a helpful summary of Versammlungen proceedings and findings see John Umble, "The Oak Grove-Pleasant Hill Amish Mennonite Church in Wayne County, Ohio, in the Nineteenth Century (1815-1900)," MQR, XXXI (July 1957), pp. 209-18. On page 219 of this article appears a list of the officers of the various sessions. A summary which treats the Versammlungen in historical perspective is C. Henry Smith and Harold S. Bender, "Diener Versammlungen," ME, eds. Harold S. Bender and C. Henry Smith, II (1956), pp. 56, 57. There is also record of an Amish conference as early as 1809, and a European Amish conference in 1779.

8. This account is based on a Report of the Eastern Amish Mennonite Conference from the Time of Its Organization to the Year 1911 with Conference Constitution and Appendix. Arranged by C. Z. Yoder by order of conference in 1910. Printed by J. C. Miller, Sugarcreek, Ohio, 1911. The sixty-three pages of this booklet contain detailed minutes and records of all important transactions.

9. Ibid., p. 7.

10. Ibid., p. 14.

11. Ibid., p. 17.

12. Ibid., p. 2.

13. Ibid., pp. 48, 49.

14. Ibid., pp. 55-60.

15. Ibid., pp. 50-54.

10. Growth in Early 1900's

1. C. Z. Mast Notes in Archives of Mennonite Church, Goshen, Ind. 2. HT, XXXIX (July 1, 1902), p. 201.

3. C. Z. Mast Notes, op. cit.

4. OEMCR: Westover congregation, Westover, Md.

5. Esther Eby Glass, "Aaron Mast-Churchman Emeritus," Christian Living, X (September 1963), p. 28.

6. OEMCR: Plainview congregation, Aurora, Ohio. 7. Ibid.

8. OEMCR: Orrville congregation, Orrville, Ohio.

9. Daniel Yutzy, The Changing Amish: An Intergenerational Study (unpublished MA thesis, Ohio State University, 1961), pp. 1-15.

10. OEMCR: Sharon congregation, Plain City, Ohio.

11. Daniel Yutzy, op.. cit. The value of Yutzy's study is not exhausted by the brief summary of his findings which follows. Suggestive for further study are: (1) the changing role of the housewife in occupation and church affiliation; (2) the social stratification of an erstwhile rural folk population and the resulting church schisms; and (3) the struggle between religious values and economic change.

12. Ibid., p. 84.

13. John S. Umble, Ohio Mennonite Sunday Schools (Goshen, Ind.: Mennonite Historical Society, 1941), p. 270.

14. OEMCR: First Mennonite Church, Canton, Ohio. 15. OEMCR: Berlin congregation, Berlin, Ohio.