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twentieth century, and especially during the crisis years of 1915-1930, the writings of Daniel Kauffman and John Horsch are important. While neither one was a member of the conference, their writings were widely read and their viewpoints were influential throughout the conference. Kauffman's The Conservative Viewpoint (Scottdale, Pennsylvania: Mennonite Publishing House, 1918); The Mennonite Church and Current Issues (Scottdale, Pennsylvania: Mennonite Publishing House, 1923), and The Two Standards (Scottdale, Pennsylvania: Mennonite Publishing House, 1924) reflect much of the tension which the Mennonite Church as a whole was having with the larger society in various areas including the theological.

John Horsch's Modern Religious Liberalism (Scottdale, Pennsylvania: Mennonite Publishing House, 1925) contains an introduction by James M. Gray of the Moody Bible Institute in a revised edition of 1938. It was cited in 1929 in Harold S. Bender's Two Centuries of American Mennonite Literature as "the only book by an American Mennonite author to attain any circulation of note outside of Mennonite circles," a fact which gave it added prestige in Mennonite circles. Other works by Horsch were The Higher Criticism and the New Theology (n. p., 1917); The Mennonite Church and Modernism (Scottdale, Pennsylvania: Mennonite Publishing House, 1924); The Failure of Modernism: A Reply to Harry Emerson Fosdick (Chicago: Bible Institute Colportage Association, 1925): and Is the Mennonite Church Free from Modernism? (Scottdale, Pennsylvania: Mennonite Publishing House, 1926).

A series of regional histories has been issued on the respective Mennonite conferences beginning in 1931. Though of uneven value, they contain essential data and are a rich source for the historian in his investigation of the Mennonite past in America. The conference histories are: M. G. Weaver, Mennonites of the Lancaster Conference (Scottdale, Pennsylvania: Mennonite Publishing House, 1931); Harry F. Weber, History of the Mennonites of Illinois (Goshen, Indiana: Mennonite Historical Society, 1931); L. J. Burkholder, A Brief History of the Mennonites in Ontario ([Copyright by Mennonite Conference of Ontario], 1935); J. C. Wenger, History of the Mennonites of Franconia Conference (Telford, Pennsylvania: Franconia Mennonite Historical Society, 1937); Melvin Gingerich, The Mennonites in Iowa (Iowa City: State Historical Society of Iowa, 1939); Harry A. Brunk, History of the Mennonites in Virginia, 1727-1900 (Staunton. Virginia: McClure Printing Company, 1959); J. C. Wenger, The Mennonites in Indiana and Michigan (Goshen, Indiana: Mennonite Historical Society, 1961); Sanford G. Shetler, Two Centuries of Struggle and Growth, 1763-1963: A History of Allegheny Mennonite Conference (Scottdale, Pennsylvania: Allegheny Mennonite Conference, 1963). A valuable local history with relevance to the westward movement of Mennonites is Edward Yoder, The Mennonites of Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania (Scottdale, Pennsylvania: Scottdale Mennonite Church, 1942). For a comprehensive work J. C. Wenger, The Mennonite Church in America (Scottdale, Pennsylvania: Herald Press, 1966) is useful as a synoptic study.

Selected General Works

A recent and highly praised work on Pennsylvania: Birthplace 4 a Nation (New York: Random House, 1964) by Sylvester K. Stevens traces the