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Allen and Putnam Counties, Ohio (Bluffton, Ohio: P. B. Amstutz, 1925); and Delbert A. Gratz, "Historical and Genealogical Sketch of the Swiss Mennonites of Allen and Putnam Counties," Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Quarterly, XLIX (1940), 282-88. Highly valuable because of its priority in historical accounting is M. S. Steiner, "The Ohio Conference," Mennonite Church History, ed. J. S. Hartzler and Daniel Kauffman (Scottdale, Pennsylvania: Mennonite Book and Tract Society, 1905). The chapter concludes with a list of the congregations in Ohio together with the names of the first founders; the first ministers; the present ministers.; present deacons; the dates of the first meetinghouse; and the number of members. A view of contemporary social, economic, and religious issues around 1900 by a Mennonite leader is reflected in M. S. Steiner, Pitfalls and Safeguards (Elkhart, Indiana: Mennonite Publishing House, 1899). In the category of histories on the conference or some part of it by a member is Orland R. Grieser and Ervin Beck, Jr., Out of the Wilderness: History of the Central Mennonite Church 18351960 (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Dean-Hicks Company, 1960). Though confined largely to the Central Mennonite Church in Fulton County, Ohio, it contains a rich source of data on this "mother" congregation, its leaders, its divisions, and extensions.

Works which deal with the conference's charitable, educational, and missionary functions are: L. L. Swartzentruber, The Child: A History of the Mennonite Orphans' Home, West Liberty, Ohio (Scottdale, Pennsylvania: Mennonite Publishing House, 1931); John S. Umble, Ohio Mennonite Sunday Schools (Goshen, Indiana: Mennonite Historical Society, 1941); John R. Smucker, The History of the Ohio Mennonite Mission Board and the Early Missions Concern of the Mennonites of Ohio (Paper in Mennonite History Class, Goshen College Biblical Seminary, 1958)

An illuminating work in the situation Laced by the Mennonites during the Civil War is Samuel Horst, Mennonites in the Confederacy: A Study in Civil War Pacifism (Scottdale, Pennsylvania: Herald Press, 1967). It contains brief references to the Mennonites who moved to Ohio during or soon after these years. For a valuable account which includes documentary sources on World War I the historian needs to consult J. S. Hartzler, Mennonites in the World War or Nonresistance Under Test (Scottdale, Pennsylvania: Mennonite Publishing House, 1921). Gordon D. Zook's Wayne County Conscientious Objectors in World War I (1962) presents a well-researched study of Mennonite and Amish experiences in a leading Ohio county and is especially valuable for its data on total community reactions to conscientious objection. Zook's work was a research paper in a history seminar at Goshen College. World War 1I's experience is comprehended in Melvin Gingerich, Service for Peace: A History of Mennonite Civilian Public Service (Akron, Pennsylvania: Mennonite Central Committee, 1949) and Guy F. Hershberger, The Mennonite Church and the Second World War (Scottdale, Pennsylvania: Mennonite Publishing House, 1951). The former concentrates on the experience of the drafted men in alternate service and the latter recounts the church's response to the war crisis.

For an understanding of the theological currents and crosscurrents which were important in the Ohio and Eastern Mennonite Conference in the